The allure of active volcanoes for hikers is undeniable, offering a sense of adventure and a connection to nature's raw power. But as the recent tragedy at Mount Dukono tragically reminds us, these natural wonders can be deadly. So, what do hikers need to know about these unpredictable forces of nature? It's a question that demands attention, especially as we explore the delicate balance between adventure and safety.
The Unpredictable Nature of Eruptions
The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions is a significant concern for hikers. Dr. Mirzam Abdurrachman highlights this, noting that while Mount Dukono has been erupting almost continuously since 1933, hikers often underestimate how quickly conditions can change. This unpredictability extends beyond the obvious dangers of lava flows. Ash inhalation, falling rocks, crater explosions, and volcanic mudflows (lahars) pose significant risks, and these hazards can be more dangerous than lava itself.
The frequency and style of eruptions, gas emissions, and crater accessibility all contribute to the level of danger. This is why it's crucial to understand that not all volcanoes are created equal. Some may be more active, while others are less so, and each has its own unique characteristics that hikers must consider.
The History of Volcanic Disasters
The history of volcanic disasters is a stark reminder of the potential consequences. In 2023, Indonesia's Mount Marapi claimed 23 lives, and in December 2019, an eruption on Whakaari Island in New Zealand resulted in 22 fatalities, many of them tourists. These incidents underscore the importance of understanding the risks and taking appropriate precautions.
Phreatic eruptions, short-lived blasts of steam, are particularly dangerous as they can occur with little warning. Associate Professor Benoit Taisne warns that these eruptions can catch hikers off guard, as evidenced by the 2014 phreatic explosion at Japan's Mount Ontake, which killed 63 hikers. Conversely, volcanoes with small daily explosions that can be observed from a safe distance may pose less risk.
Volcano Forecasting and Safety
Volcano forecasting has improved significantly, but predicting the exact timing and scale of an eruption remains a challenge. Scientists rely on a combination of monitoring tools, including seismic activity, ground deformation, gas emissions, and thermal observations, to identify changes within the volcanic system. However, these changes can occur on different timescales, from short hours to long days or months.
For hikers already en route to a volcano, warning signs include visible degassing, an intensifying smell of sulfur, or vibrations in the ground. Mr. Vivek Vaidya emphasizes the importance of hiring experienced, knowledgeable local guides who can recognize subtle changes in weather, smells, or sounds that may signal danger. Unfortunately, some trekkers make the mistake of hiring unqualified guides, which can be costly in terms of safety.
Preparation and Mindset
Preparation and a mindful approach are essential for hikers. Expedition guides stress the importance of fitness, mental, and gear preparation. Ms. Joanne Soh, with 30 years of trekking experience, including trips to active volcanoes, advises hikers not to rely solely on their organizers for information. She emphasizes the need for individuals to understand the risks and be prepared to turn back if conditions change.
Mr. Jeremy Tong, who has led expeditions for over 12 years, agrees. He stresses the importance of removing the mindset of 'what are the chances of coming back again?' and adhering to restricted zones issued by authorities. In his view, the sense of adventure and connection to nature must be balanced with a deep respect for the mountain's power and an understanding of the potential risks.
In conclusion, while the allure of active volcanoes is undeniable, hikers must approach these natural wonders with caution and respect. By understanding the risks, preparing thoroughly, and staying informed, adventurers can minimize the dangers and enjoy the beauty of these powerful landscapes.
